International Conference on Histochemistry and Cell Biology September 14-15, 2016 Phoenix, Arizona, USA

Biography:

Nallasivam Palanisamy has adopted newly developed Molecular and Cytogenetic Tools and applied them successfully for the discovery of important cancer-specific biomarkers and has developed diagnostic tools for routine diagnosis and follow-up treatment in the clinics. His work has made a great impact in Cancer Research and he was able to accomplish this by maintaining an independent research program while playing key roles in large team projects at various institutions to make important high-impact contributions to Advance Cancer Research.

Abstract:

Prostate cancer (PCa) remains the most commonly diagnosed cancer in American men with an estimated incidence of 220,800 new cases and accounting for 27,540 cancer related deaths in 2015. The genetic basis of 50-60% of PCa is attributable to rearrangements in ETS genes (ERG, ETV1, ETV4, ETV5), BRAF, RAF1 and overexpression of SPINK1. The discovery and validation of reliable diagnostic methods are warranted to detect these molecular rearrangements. ETS gene rearrangements are typically detected by FISH and PCR methods. Recently, monoclonal antibodies against ERG have been developed which detect the truncated ERG protein and are strongly correlated with ERG rearrangement as detected by FISH. However, due to the lack of specific antibodies for ETV1, ETV4 and ETV5 genes, in situ detection of these markers is not feasible. We developed a novel RNA in situ hybridization (RNA-ISH) based assay for in situ detection of ETV1, ETV4, and ETV5 in formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissues from prostate needle biopsies, prostatectomy, and metastatic PCa specimens using RNA probes developed by advanced cell diagnostics. Further, with combined RNA-ISH and IHC we identified rare subset of prostate cancer with dual ETS gene rearrangements in independent tumor foci. The high specificity and sensitivity of RNA-ISH provides an alternate method for the in situ detection of ETS gene aberrations in prostate cancer.

Biography:

Pinky Tripathi has completed her PhD from Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University and Post-doctoral studies in Molecular Biology Unit and Department of Medicine, IMS, BHU. Currently, she is a Professor of Zoology at Sri Agrasen Kanya PG College (AKPGC), Varanasi. She has published more than 10 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an Editorial Board Member of “Frontiers in Ethnopharmacology”. She is Life Member of Society of Biological Chemists and Indian Immunology Society.

Abstract:

Mucins are glycoproteins (GPs) and major constituents of mucus elaborated by the lips epithelia of a fresh water carnivorous fish Glossogobius giuris from river Ganges, Varanasi, India, were analyzed by a range of 58 histochemical methods. In this study, we intend to identify the different classes of carbohydrate and protein components of the highly biologically active lips epithelia and its unicellular glands that produce it. Mucins elaborated at the surface of the lips epithelia are primarily from two sources, the epithelial cells and the mucous goblet cells. They include GPs with oxidizable vicinal diols, GPs with sialic acid residues without O-acyl substitution, GPs with O-sulphate esters, GPs with sialic acid residues with O-acyl substitution at C7, C8 or C9. Different classes of GPs have been associated with specific functions and are discussed in relation to their physiological significance, with special reference to their roles in lubrication, alteration in viscosity, trapping of food particles, buffering of fluids at the epithelial surface, prevention of proteolytic damage to the epithelia, antimicrobial activity and defense against pathogens. The epithelial shows specialized modifications in the form of secretory glands. These have been considered to increase the secretory surface that allows profuse secretion of mucus in a very short period of time. The secretions of these glands have been associated with multiple functions similar to those of saliva.

Biography:

Kudighe Patrick Udoh has completed her BSc in Anatomy from the University of Uyo and PgD from the National Open University of Nigeria. She is currently doing her MSc Anatomy at the University of Uyo. She is a Lecturer in the Community Health Officer’s Training School, University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Uyo, Nigeria. She has published one paper in a reputed journal.

Abstract:

Lamivudine is an anti retroviral drug used for the treatment of HIV-1 and hepatitis B. It is one of the essential medicines needed in a basic health system. This study was carried out to investigate the detrimental effect of lamivudine on the cerebellum based on the adverse effects of gait disorders manifested by patients using lamivudine. 20 male Wistar rats divided into two groups of ten rats each were used for the study. Control group A was administered with 1 ml of distilled water, while treatment group B was treated with 4.28 mg/kg of lamivudine daily for 30 days. The rats were handled carefully according to the guidelines for treatment of laboratory rats by ACURET. On the 30^th day, the rats were humanely sacrificed and each cerebellum was harvested immediately. The cerebella were put through routine tissue processing for H/E staining with Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunohistochemistry method. The resulting specimens were mounted with digital picture exchange (DPX) and viewed under the light microscope at 400x. Photomicrographs showed shrunken Purkinje cells and distorted granular layer in the cerebellum of group B rats while those of group A rats were healthy. This correlated with the higher staining intensity for GFAP in the granular layer of group B rats suggesting cellular inflammation and damage. More research is needed to ascertain the molecular mechanism of these distortions.

Biography:

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Biography:

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Biography:

R H W Funk has completed his MD from University Erlangen-Nürnberg (1979). He habilitated and got a Professorship in 1988 in the same university. In 1994 he became the Chair of Anatomy the Dresden University of Technology (TUD). For years, he was the Dean of Science in the Medical Faculty. Since 8 years, he is also in the Senate of TUD. He has published more than 220 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as Board Member of repute.

Abstract:

In the last decade, many new techniques of molecular biology as well as new imaging techniques could well confirm that in many situations like embryogenesis, wound healing and regeneration endogenous electric fields exist and that they are the first and decisive measurable cue for later ongoing cell biological processes. These fields are clearly measurable and can be well integrated into classical cell biological pathways leading to typical cell responses like shape change, migration, proliferation and differentiation. Other open fields for research are fast information processes which are ongoing within the brain cortex like fast ripples of pyramidal cells possibly mediated by gap junctions and very fast binding phenomena spreading over many cortical areas. So, many authors propose a layered structure with interlacing quantum computing and classical read out processes. The mentioned problems and hypothesis show that we are nowadays at the verge and in the transition from mere particle and energetic molecular- and cell biology to information driven matter interactions. In the scale of molecules and organelles we have to respect not only the collective and often coherent behavior of such active matter but also the quantal information which is exchanged. At least, everyone is accustomed to tunneling electrons within enzymes and other biomolecules. Another example is the new finding of spin triplet modulation in radical pair reactions within the retina in birds. These examples should encourage us to look upon molecular biology with the eyes of modern physics and to search for analogue processes. 

Biography:

Fang Yang in International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Geriatric Medicine,ty of ScNorth China University science and Technology, No.46 West Xinhua Road, Tangshan, Hebei 063009, China;

Abstract:

The synthetic tetrapeptide N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline (Ac-SDKP) has shown to be a modulator of molecular aspects of the fibrosis pathway. This study reveals that Ac-SDKP exerts an anti-fibrotic effect on human type II alveolar epithelial cells (A549), which are a source of myofibroblasts once exposed to TGF-β1, by decreasing the expression of heat shock protein 27 (HSP27). We used A549 cells in vitro to detect morphological evidence of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by phase-contrast microscopy. Immunocytochemical and Western blot analysis determined the distributions of cytokeratin8 (CK8), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and SNAI1. Confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed a co-localization of HSP27 and SNAI1 on TGF-β1-induced A549 cells. These results also demonstrated that A549 cells became spindle-like when exposed to TGF-β1. Coincident with these morphological changes, expression levels of CK8 and E-cadherine decreased, while those of vimentin and α-SMA increased. This process was accompanied by increases in levels of HSP27, SNAI1, type I and type III collagen. In vitro transfection experiments demonstrated that the inhibition of HSP27 in cultured A549 cells could decrease the expression of SNAI1 and α-SMA while increasing the expression of E-cadherine. A noticeable reduction in collagen types I and III were also evident. Our results found that Ac-SDKP inhibited the transition of cultured A549 cells to myofibroblasts and attenuated collagen synthesis through modulating the expression of HSP27.

Biography:

Abstract:

Aberrant hyperphosphorylation of proline directed serine/threonine (pSer/Thr-Pro and KS/TP) residues in neuronal cytoskeletal proteins is one of the major pathological hallmarks of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). Human NF-M/H comprises a large number of multiple KSP repeats in the carboxy-terminal tail domain. The phosphorylation sites of NF-M/H from AD brains have not been analyzed. Here, we used quantitative phosphoproteomics, iTRAQ (isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation) and analyzed the phosphorylation sites of NF-M/H from AD brain. We identified 14 hyperphosphorylated sites of NF-M and 9 Lys-Ser-Pro (KSP) sites; two variant motifs, Glu-Ser-Pro (ESP) Ser⁷³⁶ and Leu-Ser-Pro (LSP) Ser⁸³⁷; and 3 non-S/TP motifs, Ser783, Ser788 and Thr750. All the Ser/Thr residues were phosphorylated at significantly greater abundance in AD brain compared to normal brain. 11 hyper phosphorylated sites have been identified on C-terminal tail domain of NF-H corresponding to KSP motifs with greater abundance of phosphorylation in AD brain compared to normal brain, including the non-SP site, Thr642. Our data provided the direct evidence that NF-M and NF-H are hyperphosphorylated in AD compared to normal brain and suggested the role of both proline-directed and non proline-directed protein kinases in AD. This study represents the first comprehensive analysis of iTRAQ quantification of phosphorylation sites of human NF-M and NF-H from AD brain and establishes that the aberrant and hyperphosphorylation of neuronal intermediate filament proteins is involved in AD. In addition, the topographic phosphorylation of squid giant axon as a model system was analyzed in detail. This study provided the molecular and cell biological mechanisms associated with this unique novel neurobiological process. 

Biography:

H S Sebaa and M Kaid Harche in Professor Oran University of Science and Technology-Mohamed Boudiaf, Algeria

Abstract:

The anatomical and histochemical study of young and adult pseudo-endocarps of Argania spinosa (sampled from Tindouf, Algeria) shows a general structure that is similar to that of majority of stone fruits. These samples consist of tissues that contain lignified and cellulosic cell walls. The majority of the tissues are composed of sclerenchyma cells; with very thick lignified cell walls and conducting tissues. Coniferyl lignins are abundant in the majority of the lignified tissues. However, the coniferyl lignins appear at the primary xylem during lignifications. Syringyl lignins are present in small quantities. In early stage, the phenolic vacuolar inclusions at the pseudo-endocarp levels were numerous and larger. During pseudo-endocarp lignification the phenolic compounds disappear, the cell walls thickened crossed by cytoplasmic vestures and the cell content has degenerated. To this end, in addition to the increased thickness of the conducting tissues, produce a lignified sclerenchyma ring which produces numerous sclereids, the sclerenchymatous ring only consists of fibers, which make the structure less prone to breaking. The electron microscopy observation of the sclerenchyma cell walls of the young pseudo-endocarp shows polylamellate strates and cellular microfibrils in arced patterns. This architecture is observed in the cell walls of the adult endocarp only after the incubation of the tissue in methylamine. These configurations (arcs) are the result of a regular and complete rotation with a 180 degree variation in the microfibril angle; the complete and symmetrical arcs show a helical mode of construction. The observation of the sclerenchyma cells revealed the capacity of helicoidal morphogenesis to adjust itself under the influence of topological constraints, such as the presence of a large number of pit canals, which maintain symplastic transport

Biography:

Nima Sayyadi is a Research Fellow at the Department of Chemistry and Bimolecular Sciences (CBMS), Macquarie University, Australia. He received his PhD from the University of Sydney, School of Chemistry. In his PhD a new methodology for the synthesis of natural and non-natural small cyclic peptides was developed. After completion of his PhD, he moved to Macquarie University, where he accepted a Post-doctoral position at CBMS. Since then, he has designed and developed a series of novel Europium Luminescent Chelates for the detection of bacterial and cancer cells using different platforms such as Luminescent in situ Hybridization (LISH) and Immunostaining in collaboration with the Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP) at Macquarie University. 

Abstract:

Rapid, sensitive and non-invasive diagnostic testing for cancer has the potential to lead to better treatment outcomes and lower healthcare costs. The required sensitivity for such tests can require the detection of as few as ten cells within 10 ml of biofluid. Current tests fall far from the ideal limits of detection required in clinical settings. A fundamental problem in the detection of cancer cells with conventional fluorescence probes is the poor signal to noise ratio due to the presence of high autofluorescence. Time-gated luminescence (TGL) probes eliminate the problem of autofluorescence to make TGL one of the most sensitive fluorescence detection methods known. Unlike organic fluorophores, lanthanide conjugated bio-molecules are not susceptible to self-quenching. As a result, high signal amplification can be achieved by multiple labeling of the biomolecule of interest, although this approach can be problematic since it often results in precipitation of labeled biomolecules. We have recently reported a novel europium ligand which offers enhanced biocompatibility of immunoconjugate and retains selectivity and stability over that previously reported (DOI:10.1039/C5CC06811H). An analogue ligand with improved quantum yield was successfully synthesized and coupled to a prostate cancer cell-specific IgG antibody (MIL38) provided by our collaborator (Minomic International Ltd.). Direct conjugation of the new ligand to MIL38 resulted in a soluble immunoconjugate probe which effectively labeled cultured prostate cancer cells (DU145). TGL microscopy (GALD) delivered images of brightly labeled cells free of background.