International Conference on Histochemistry and Cell Biology September 14-15, 2016 Phoenix, Arizona, USA

Biography:

Siamak Tabibzadeh obtained his MD degree in 1977 and has authored over 100 publications. He has successfully cloned one of the human genes (EBAF/LEFTY), launched the medical journal, Frontiers in Bioscience in 1996 and the Research Institute in Aging and Cancer in the year 2011. He is the Editor-in-Chief of Frontiers in Bioscience journal, a Professor and the President of the Research Institute.

Abstract:

Life emerged on Earth in an anaerobic environment, bathed in noxious gases. Among these gases, the role of hydrogen sulfide is significant since this gas, was required as a building block of life, contributed to abiogenic generation of organic compounds that gave rise to life and drove adaptations of life throughout its entire evolutionary path. During evolution, hydrogen sulfide contributed to sustaining life in face of harsh environmental conditions. Modern cells still utilize hydrogen sulfide as a signaling molecule, in pro and anti-inflammatory responses, for acquisition of tolerance against damage, in directing repair responses, as a source of energy and in modifying their genetic makeup and function to acquire a phenotype reminiscent of early life forms.

Biography:

Abstract:

Aim: The aim of this study is to provide additional information regarding the clinicopathological characteristics of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).

Methods: In this study BRAF V600E mutation was detected in 50 patients with PTC by immunohistochemical staining and assessed with H score. The mutation profiles were linked to prognostic factors such as age, gender, size of tumor and histologic variant.

Result: BRAF V600E mutations were detected in 17 (34%) cases. The cases with positive BRAF V600E mutation had mean age of 44.71 years, and the size of the tumor between 0.1-4 cm. 6 cases of them were male and 11 female. There were 7 cases with extrathyroidal extension (ETE) p=0.04, 11 cases with lymph node metastasis (LNM) p< 0.001, and 8 cases with tall cell variant p=0.047.

Conclusion: There were significant relationships between BRAF V600E mutation with ETE, LNM, and tall cell variant. There was no significant relationship between BRAF V600E mutation, either with age, gender, or size of the tumor. Hence, BRAF V600E immunohistochemical examination can be performed to predict the prognosis of PTC patients.

Biography:

Canan Kus has completed her PhD from Ankara University in 1998 and attained full tenure as a Professor in the year 2009. Some of the highlights of her scholarship include her Post-doctoral studies as a Researcher on a new project called “uPA (Urokinase-type Plasminogen activator) inhibitor group studies” at University of Arizona School of Pharmacy in the year 2007 in Arizona, USA. She has published more than 29 papers in reputed journals. She has received the First Winner Prize from Novartis Drug Company Pharmaceutical for Medicinal Chemistry in the year 2007. 

Abstract:

Some heterocyclic compounds having amidino group are present in synthetic products with a range of pharmacological effects such as antithrombotic, anti-hypercholesterolemic, antihistaminic, antihypertensive, amebicidal, antihyperglycemic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antibacterial activities. The synthesis of 4-(3-benzyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile derivatives were performed from p-cyanobenzaldehyde. These compounds were transformed to the desired amidine derivatives (Z)-N,N'-bis(4-chlorobenzyl)-4-(3-benzyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzamidine via the Pinner reaction followed by stirring the resulting imidates ethyl 4-(3-benzyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzimidate in ethanolic amines. Human breast cancer cells (MCF7) and hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2) were grown in a humidified incubator supplemented with 5% CO₂. Fetal bovine serum (%10) and antibiotics were added in culture media. Cytotoxic concentrations (IC50 doses) of chemicals was determined by MTT (MTT [3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide) assay for 24, 48 and 72-hour time periods. The inhibition of cell proliferation was determined by measuring the optical density of the chromogenic product at 540 nm with an ELISA reader.

Biography:

Abstract:

Historically introduced by McConkey to explain the slow mutation rate of highly abundant proteins, weak protein (quinary) interactions are emergent properties of living cells. The protein complexes that result from quinary interactions are transient and thus difficult to study biochemically in vitro. Cross-correlated relaxation induced polarization transfer (CRIPT) based in-cell NMR allows the characterization of protein quinary interactions with atomic resolution inside live prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. We showed that RNAs are an important component of protein quinary interactions. Protein quinary interactions are unique to the target protein and affect physicochemical properties, protein activity, and interactions with drugs. 

Biography:

A Solovyeva got her MSc degree in Biology from Saint Petersburg State University in the year 2013. Currently, she is pursuing her PhD from Institute of Cytology RAS. She has published 3 papers in reputed journals. She is interested in Molecular and Cell Biology, Histology, Invertebrate Zoology, Developmental Genomics and Evolution.

Abstract:

Transposable elements (TEs) are widely spread in all phylogenetic groups and comprise a significant part of eukaryotic genomes. A marine trematode – Himasthla elongata possesses an alternation of sex and parthenogenetic stages. It was believed that trematode parthenitae constitutes a clonal population. But their larvae have different infectivity rates. Thereby, the polymorphism could be expected and it increases the chance for successful host invasion. We found that the S-SAP (Sequence-Specific Amplification Polymorphism) method revealed clonal variability in the H. elongata larvae genomes. The aim was to determine the main components of the variable bands and which could be the source of clonal diversity. Cloning of several bands from S-SAP patterns and their sequence analysis allowed finding the presence of CR1-like and RTEX-like non-LTR (Long Terminal Repeat) TE fragments in the conservative regions in electrophoresis pattern and non-LTR and LTR-like fragments in variable zones. Some sequences are found in transcriptome and seem to belong to active TE copies. The fragment 7.5 cloned from variable bands doesn’t have any ORFs. Dot hybridization revealed that 7.5 prevail in high and medium molecular length bands of S-SAP patterns and it is also present transcriptome. According to PCR analysis, 7.5 seems to be a part of CR1-like elements, but it forms clusters near pericentromeric and subtelomeric zones at chromosomes i.e. near satellite DNA regions. Thus, we suppose that mobile genetic elements play a key role in trematode clonal polymorphisms occurrence. 

Biography:

A Solovyeva got her MSc degree in Biology from Saint Petersburg State University in the year 2013. Currently, she is pursuing her PhD from Institute of Cytology RAS. She has published 3 papers in reputed journals. She is interested in Molecular and Cell Biology, Histology, Invertebrate Zoology, Developmental Genomics and Evolution.

Abstract:

Transposable elements (TEs) are widely spread in all phylogenetic groups and comprise a significant part of eukaryotic genomes. A marine trematode – Himasthla elongata possesses an alternation of sex and parthenogenetic stages. It was believed that trematode parthenitae constitutes a clonal population. But their larvae have different infectivity rates. Thereby, the polymorphism could be expected and it increases the chance for successful host invasion. We found that the S-SAP (Sequence-Specific Amplification Polymorphism) method revealed clonal variability in the H. elongata larvae genomes. The aim was to determine the main components of the variable bands and which could be the source of clonal diversity. Cloning of several bands from S-SAP patterns and their sequence analysis allowed finding the presence of CR1-like and RTEX-like non-LTR (Long Terminal Repeat) TE fragments in the conservative regions in electrophoresis pattern and non-LTR and LTR-like fragments in variable zones. Some sequences are found in transcriptome and seem to belong to active TE copies. The fragment 7.5 cloned from variable bands doesn’t have any ORFs. Dot hybridization revealed that 7.5 prevail in high and medium molecular length bands of S-SAP patterns and it is also present transcriptome. According to PCR analysis, 7.5 seems to be a part of CR1-like elements, but it forms clusters near pericentromeric and subtelomeric zones at chromosomes i.e. near satellite DNA regions. Thus, we suppose that mobile genetic elements play a key role in trematode clonal polymorphisms occurrence. 

Biography:

Abstract:

The study was carried out using an original cytobiochemical method designed by the authors. The method combines advantages of histochemical, cytochemical and biochemical techniques to preserve the subtle biophysical structural organization of tissues. It was applied to measure respiration and glycolysis in blood lymphocytes. The following activities were measured by nitro blue tetrazolium reduction: Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (KDH) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). The ratio of LDH/SDH was used as an indicator of the Warburg effect (WE). Experiments were performed on rabbits with different behavioral patterns: Excited and calm. Animals were exposed to cellphone radiowaves 1 hour per day for 11 days. In the course of the experiments, activities of all the enzymes grew, with SDH and LDH growth being larger in excited animals and KDH growth being larger in the calm ones. Within 3 days of course completion activities declined, but remained elevated as compared to the initial level. WE fell dramatically to the level of 3.5-5.5. We consider rise of respiration together with fall of glycolysis as loss of the quiescent state of mitochondria, which is a marker of prepathology coupled with inhibition of restorative processes. It was also found that lymphocytes changed their shape upon addition of respiratory substrates. Cells from intact animals were more “relaxed”, but even after the first radiowave exposure they transformed into a more “contracted” form in the presence succinate. Remarkably, α-ketoglutarate kept the intact shape of cells during the whole course of radiation. 

Biography:

Jérôme Frenette has completed his Post-doctoral studies from the University of California at Los-Angeles. He has a broad background in Muscle Physiology and Immunology with specific training and expertise in passive (muscle passively stretched up to rupture) and contractile properties (isometric, eccentric, fatigue protocols) of skeletal muscles. These passive and contractility properties are indeed the gold standard for assessing muscle fibrosis, integrity and function and are of paramount importance for evaluating muscle genetic defects or the efficacy of a specific treatment in muscle diseases. He has demonstrated record of accomplished and productive research projects in an area of high relevance for Muscular Dystrophy, Tendinopathy, and Hypogravity-induced Muscle Dysfunction.

Abstract:

Receptor-activator of nuclear factor kB (RANK), its ligand RANKL and the soluble decoy receptor osteoprotegerin (OPG) are the key regulators of osteoclast differentiation and bone. Although there is a strong association between osteoporosis and skeletal muscle atrophy/dysfunction, the functional relevance of a particular biological pathway that regulates synchronously bone and skeletal muscle physiopathology is still elusive. One key determinant of muscle contractility is the Ca²⁺ pump called sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca²⁺ ATPase (SERCA) which transfers Ca²⁺ from the cytosol into the lumen of the SR, making Ca²⁺ available for the next contraction. Here we showed that daily injections of OPG-Fc for 10 days; the inhibitor of RANKL/RANK interactions, greatly increased force of dystrophic mice relative to PBS-treated mdx mice and prevented the loss of SERCA activity. To understand more precisely the contribution of muscle RANK in muscular dystrophy, we treated dystrophic mice with an anti-RANKL antibody or generated a RANK/dystrophin double-deficient mouse. These results showed that the genetic deletion of RANK or pharmacological blockade of RANKL preserved muscle force and reduced significantly muscle damage in dystrophic mice. RANK/RANKL/OPG triad is thus a new and key factor in muscular dystrophy and its inhibition represents a new therapeutic avenue for possibly several forms of muscular dystrophy.

Biography:

Patrick Borel is a Nutritionist and has obtained his PhD in Molecular Biology at Marseille University in the year 1988. He works for the French National Institute for Agronomy Research (INRA), the French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), and for Aix-Marseille University, France. Since 2002, he is the Director of a Research Team called “Bioavailability of fat soluble micronutrients”. He has published more than 100 papers in the international journals. His H-index is 38. In recent years, he has focused on identification of intestinal transporters of fat soluble vitamins and carotenoids; and on genetic polymorphisms that modulate bioavailability of these compounds.

Abstract:

Most people require dietary vitamin D (VD) to achieve the recommended blood level of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25OHD). However, blood response to VD supplementation is highly variable among individuals. Our main objective was to assess whether the variability in D3 bioavailability was associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in candidate genes. 39 healthy adult men were genotyped using whole-genome microarrays. Following an overnight fast, plasma 25OHD status was measured and the subjects then consumed a meal providing 5 mg D3 as a supplement. Plasma chylomicron D3 concentrations were measured over 8 h, and D3 response calculated by determining the postprandial AUC. Partial least squares regression was used to assess the association of SNPs in or near candidate genes (61 genes representing 3791 SNPs) with the postprandial D3 response. The mean postprandial chylomicron D3 concentration peaked at 6 h. The D3 response was very variable among individuals (CV=47%), and it did not correlate with the fasting plasma 25OHD concentration. A significant (P=1.32x10^-4) partial least squares regression model, which included 17 SNPs in 13 genes were associated with the variance in the D3 response. There is a high inter-individual variability in D3 bioavailability which is associated with a combination of SNPs.

Biography:

A Patrick Gunning has completed his PhD from Glyndwr University, UK. He is the Manager of the Atomic Force Microscopy Facility at the Institute of Food Research (IFR), a public funded research institute. He has published more than 90 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as a member of the Scanning Probe Microscopy Section Committee of the Royal Microscopical Society.

Abstract:

Mucin plays a crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis along the entire length of the GI tract and several other epithelial surfaces. Mucin consists of a polypeptide backbone which is heavily substituted with a diverse array of glycans. This presentation will describe a methodology to characterize the inherent heterogeneity of mucin in a molecular level quantifiable manner in order to reveal information which may be encoded by the glycan distribution. Such information is termed “glycocode” and is believed to directly influence the outcome of the symbiotic relationship between the gut microbiota and the host in health and disease.