Werner Felix Martin
Euro Academy Pößneck, Germany., Institute of Neuroscience of Castilla and León, Spain
Title: Is there a prophylactic medication in REM sleep disturbances, which hint at synucleinopathies
Submitted Date: 30-07-2016
Biography
Werner Felix-Martin studied Human Medicine at the University of Bonn. He has been working as a Medical Teacher for geriatric nurses, occupational therapists and\r\nassistants of the medical doctor at the Euro Academy in Pößneck since 1999. He has been doing scientific work at the Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla and\r\nLeón in Salamanca in Spain since 2002. With Prof. Rafael Coveñas, he assisted at over 30 national and six international congresses of neurology and published\r\nover 20 reviews about neural networks in neurological and psychiatric diseases. Since 2014, he belonged to the Editorial Board of the Journal of Cytology &\r\nHistology.
Abstract
On the DGSM congress 2014, rapid eye movement sleep (REM) behavioural disorders were reported,\r\nwhile the SPECT examination showed an asymmetric description of the dopamine transporter systems. These sleep\r\ndisturbances predict synucleinopathies such as Parkinson’s disease. The present study aims at the question, whether there\r\nis a prophylactic mediation for this neurodegenerative disease, will be answered by a neural network in the extrapyramidal\r\nsystem.\r\nMaterial & Methods: The neural network can be described as follows: D1 and D2 dopaminergic neurons in the substantia\r\nnigra activate dopaminergic neurons in the caudate nucleus. D1 dopaminergic neurons weakly activate dynorphin neurons,\r\nwhich weakly inhibit via kappa receptors substance P neurons. The latter neurons activate weakly via NK1 receptors\r\nGABAergic neurons in the globus pallidus internus. In the caudate nucleus D2 dopaminergic neurons weakly activate\r\nGABAergic neurons in the globus pallidus externus, which inhibit glutaminergic neurons in the subthalamic nucleus. The\r\nlatter neurons strongly inhibit via NMDA receptors D2 dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and GABAergic neurons\r\nin the globus pallidus internus. In these nucleus, GABAergic neurons weakly inhibit glutaminergic neurons, which activate\r\nother glutaminergic neurons in the cortex. These neurons can activate D1 and D2 dopaminergic neuros in the caudate\r\nnucleus. In the globus pallidus internus GABAergic neurons weakly inhibit M4 muscarinic cholinergic, 5-HT2A serotonergic\r\nand NTS1 neurotensin neurons in the putamen. The latter neurons transmit a strong postsynaptic excitatory impulse to\r\nglutaminergic neurons, which inhibit via NMDA receptors D2 dopaminergic neurons in the putamen. The D2 dopaminergic\r\nneurons in the putamen are connected to other dopaminergic neurons in the caudate nucleus.\r\nResults: Since in Parkinson’s disease, apart from dopamine and actylcholine alterations, a GABA deficiency and a glutamate\r\nsurplus can be found, it might be possible to weaken the neurotransmitter imbalance by a drug, which has at the same time\r\na GABAA agonistic and an NMDA antagonistic effect. Through the GABAA agonistic effect the acetylcholine, serotonin\r\nand neurotensin surplus could be reduced. The NMDA antagonistic effect could increase the dopamine levels through a\r\nreduced presynaptic inhibition.\r\nConclusion: It is of important to observe patients with REM sleep behavioural disorders and to minimize the risk for\r\nsynucleinpathies with an appropriate medication.
Olga VZatsepina
Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia
Title: Comparative immunocytochemical analysis of nucleolus-like bodies of fully grown oocytes and nucleolar precursor bodies of zygotic embryos
Submitted Date: 31-07-2016
Biography
Instead of typical tripartite nucleoli, mammalian germinal vesicle (GV) oocytes contain intranuclear entities called\r\nnucleolus-like bodies (NLBs), and zygotes contain the insertions named nucleolar precursor bodies (NPBs). Both entities\r\nare strikingly similar in morphology, but their biochemical composition and roles in early development remain poorly\r\nunderstood. In our work, we compare the composition of NLBs and NPBs in the mouse by exploring various protocols\r\nof cell fixation and post-fixation treatments followed by immunocytochemistry, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)\r\nand high resolution confocal laser scanning microscopy. Our data show that NLBs of NSN-type oocytes, similar to normal\r\nnucleoli, contain all factors required for rDNA transcription (UBF), early rRNA processing (fibrillarin), late rRNA processing\r\n(NPM1/nucleophosmin/B23, nucleolin/C23), and pre-ribosome assembly (ribosomal proteins RPL26 and RPS10), as well\r\nas the primary 47S pre-rRNA transcripts, unprocessed rRNA, 18S and 28S rRNAs and U3 snoRNA. This evidences in their\r\ncapability to make pre-ribosomes. Transformation of NSN-oocytes to more competent SN-oocytes leads to a cessation of\r\nrDNA transcription and to a partial losing of rRNAs, RPL26 and RPS10 from the NLB interior. Unlike NLBs, zygotic NPBs\r\nare almost completely impoverished for RNA and completely for UBF. Overall, our data support biochemical and hence\r\nfunctional divergences not only between NLBs in GV oocytes of NSN- and SN-types but also between NLBs and NPBs.\r\nThese findings could shed light on the reasons of the inadequate developmental capacities between enucleolated mouse\r\nGV oocytes and zygotes known from the literature.
Abstract
Olga V Zatsepina has completed her PhD and DrSci degrees from the Moscow State University (Moscow, Russia). Currently, she is the Head of Laboratory in the\r\nShemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Moscow. She has been awarded several international fellowships\r\nin Cell Biology. She is a Co-author of about 150 papers in reputed journals and is serving as an Editorial Board Member of repute.
