International Conference on Histochemistry and Cell Biology September 14-15, 2016 Phoenix, Arizona, USA

Biography:

Siamak Tabibzadeh obtained his MD degree in 1977 and has authored over 100 publications. He has successfully cloned one of the human genes (EBAF/LEFTY), launched the medical journal, Frontiers in Bioscience in 1996 and the Research Institute in Aging and Cancer in the year 2011. He is the Editor-in-Chief of Frontiers in Bioscience journal, a Professor and the President of the Research Institute.

Abstract:

Life emerged on Earth in an anaerobic environment, bathed in noxious gases. Among these gases, the role of hydrogen sulfide is significant since this gas, was required as a building block of life, contributed to abiogenic generation of organic compounds that gave rise to life and drove adaptations of life throughout its entire evolutionary path. During evolution, hydrogen sulfide contributed to sustaining life in face of harsh environmental conditions. Modern cells still utilize hydrogen sulfide as a signaling molecule, in pro and anti-inflammatory responses, for acquisition of tolerance against damage, in directing repair responses, as a source of energy and in modifying their genetic makeup and function to acquire a phenotype reminiscent of early life forms.

Biography:

Abstract:

Aim: The aim of this study is to provide additional information regarding the clinicopathological characteristics of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).

Methods: In this study BRAF V600E mutation was detected in 50 patients with PTC by immunohistochemical staining and assessed with H score. The mutation profiles were linked to prognostic factors such as age, gender, size of tumor and histologic variant.

Result: BRAF V600E mutations were detected in 17 (34%) cases. The cases with positive BRAF V600E mutation had mean age of 44.71 years, and the size of the tumor between 0.1-4 cm. 6 cases of them were male and 11 female. There were 7 cases with extrathyroidal extension (ETE) p=0.04, 11 cases with lymph node metastasis (LNM) p< 0.001, and 8 cases with tall cell variant p=0.047.

Conclusion: There were significant relationships between BRAF V600E mutation with ETE, LNM, and tall cell variant. There was no significant relationship between BRAF V600E mutation, either with age, gender, or size of the tumor. Hence, BRAF V600E immunohistochemical examination can be performed to predict the prognosis of PTC patients.

Biography:

Canan Kus has completed her PhD from Ankara University in 1998 and attained full tenure as a Professor in the year 2009. Some of the highlights of her scholarship include her Post-doctoral studies as a Researcher on a new project called “uPA (Urokinase-type Plasminogen activator) inhibitor group studies” at University of Arizona School of Pharmacy in the year 2007 in Arizona, USA. She has published more than 29 papers in reputed journals. She has received the First Winner Prize from Novartis Drug Company Pharmaceutical for Medicinal Chemistry in the year 2007. 

Abstract:

Some heterocyclic compounds having amidino group are present in synthetic products with a range of pharmacological effects such as antithrombotic, anti-hypercholesterolemic, antihistaminic, antihypertensive, amebicidal, antihyperglycemic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antibacterial activities. The synthesis of 4-(3-benzyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzonitrile derivatives were performed from p-cyanobenzaldehyde. These compounds were transformed to the desired amidine derivatives (Z)-N,N'-bis(4-chlorobenzyl)-4-(3-benzyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzamidine via the Pinner reaction followed by stirring the resulting imidates ethyl 4-(3-benzyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-yl)benzimidate in ethanolic amines. Human breast cancer cells (MCF7) and hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2) were grown in a humidified incubator supplemented with 5% CO₂. Fetal bovine serum (%10) and antibiotics were added in culture media. Cytotoxic concentrations (IC50 doses) of chemicals was determined by MTT (MTT [3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide) assay for 24, 48 and 72-hour time periods. The inhibition of cell proliferation was determined by measuring the optical density of the chromogenic product at 540 nm with an ELISA reader.

Biography:

Abstract:

Historically introduced by McConkey to explain the slow mutation rate of highly abundant proteins, weak protein (quinary) interactions are emergent properties of living cells. The protein complexes that result from quinary interactions are transient and thus difficult to study biochemically in vitro. Cross-correlated relaxation induced polarization transfer (CRIPT) based in-cell NMR allows the characterization of protein quinary interactions with atomic resolution inside live prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. We showed that RNAs are an important component of protein quinary interactions. Protein quinary interactions are unique to the target protein and affect physicochemical properties, protein activity, and interactions with drugs. 

Biography:

A Solovyeva got her MSc degree in Biology from Saint Petersburg State University in the year 2013. Currently, she is pursuing her PhD from Institute of Cytology RAS. She has published 3 papers in reputed journals. She is interested in Molecular and Cell Biology, Histology, Invertebrate Zoology, Developmental Genomics and Evolution.

Abstract:

Transposable elements (TEs) are widely spread in all phylogenetic groups and comprise a significant part of eukaryotic genomes. A marine trematode – Himasthla elongata possesses an alternation of sex and parthenogenetic stages. It was believed that trematode parthenitae constitutes a clonal population. But their larvae have different infectivity rates. Thereby, the polymorphism could be expected and it increases the chance for successful host invasion. We found that the S-SAP (Sequence-Specific Amplification Polymorphism) method revealed clonal variability in the H. elongata larvae genomes. The aim was to determine the main components of the variable bands and which could be the source of clonal diversity. Cloning of several bands from S-SAP patterns and their sequence analysis allowed finding the presence of CR1-like and RTEX-like non-LTR (Long Terminal Repeat) TE fragments in the conservative regions in electrophoresis pattern and non-LTR and LTR-like fragments in variable zones. Some sequences are found in transcriptome and seem to belong to active TE copies. The fragment 7.5 cloned from variable bands doesn’t have any ORFs. Dot hybridization revealed that 7.5 prevail in high and medium molecular length bands of S-SAP patterns and it is also present transcriptome. According to PCR analysis, 7.5 seems to be a part of CR1-like elements, but it forms clusters near pericentromeric and subtelomeric zones at chromosomes i.e. near satellite DNA regions. Thus, we suppose that mobile genetic elements play a key role in trematode clonal polymorphisms occurrence. 

Biography:

A Solovyeva got her MSc degree in Biology from Saint Petersburg State University in the year 2013. Currently, she is pursuing her PhD from Institute of Cytology RAS. She has published 3 papers in reputed journals. She is interested in Molecular and Cell Biology, Histology, Invertebrate Zoology, Developmental Genomics and Evolution.

Abstract:

Transposable elements (TEs) are widely spread in all phylogenetic groups and comprise a significant part of eukaryotic genomes. A marine trematode – Himasthla elongata possesses an alternation of sex and parthenogenetic stages. It was believed that trematode parthenitae constitutes a clonal population. But their larvae have different infectivity rates. Thereby, the polymorphism could be expected and it increases the chance for successful host invasion. We found that the S-SAP (Sequence-Specific Amplification Polymorphism) method revealed clonal variability in the H. elongata larvae genomes. The aim was to determine the main components of the variable bands and which could be the source of clonal diversity. Cloning of several bands from S-SAP patterns and their sequence analysis allowed finding the presence of CR1-like and RTEX-like non-LTR (Long Terminal Repeat) TE fragments in the conservative regions in electrophoresis pattern and non-LTR and LTR-like fragments in variable zones. Some sequences are found in transcriptome and seem to belong to active TE copies. The fragment 7.5 cloned from variable bands doesn’t have any ORFs. Dot hybridization revealed that 7.5 prevail in high and medium molecular length bands of S-SAP patterns and it is also present transcriptome. According to PCR analysis, 7.5 seems to be a part of CR1-like elements, but it forms clusters near pericentromeric and subtelomeric zones at chromosomes i.e. near satellite DNA regions. Thus, we suppose that mobile genetic elements play a key role in trematode clonal polymorphisms occurrence. 

Biography:

Abstract:

The study was carried out using an original cytobiochemical method designed by the authors. The method combines advantages of histochemical, cytochemical and biochemical techniques to preserve the subtle biophysical structural organization of tissues. It was applied to measure respiration and glycolysis in blood lymphocytes. The following activities were measured by nitro blue tetrazolium reduction: Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (KDH) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). The ratio of LDH/SDH was used as an indicator of the Warburg effect (WE). Experiments were performed on rabbits with different behavioral patterns: Excited and calm. Animals were exposed to cellphone radiowaves 1 hour per day for 11 days. In the course of the experiments, activities of all the enzymes grew, with SDH and LDH growth being larger in excited animals and KDH growth being larger in the calm ones. Within 3 days of course completion activities declined, but remained elevated as compared to the initial level. WE fell dramatically to the level of 3.5-5.5. We consider rise of respiration together with fall of glycolysis as loss of the quiescent state of mitochondria, which is a marker of prepathology coupled with inhibition of restorative processes. It was also found that lymphocytes changed their shape upon addition of respiratory substrates. Cells from intact animals were more “relaxed”, but even after the first radiowave exposure they transformed into a more “contracted” form in the presence succinate. Remarkably, α-ketoglutarate kept the intact shape of cells during the whole course of radiation. 

Biography:

Jérôme Frenette has completed his Post-doctoral studies from the University of California at Los-Angeles. He has a broad background in Muscle Physiology and Immunology with specific training and expertise in passive (muscle passively stretched up to rupture) and contractile properties (isometric, eccentric, fatigue protocols) of skeletal muscles. These passive and contractility properties are indeed the gold standard for assessing muscle fibrosis, integrity and function and are of paramount importance for evaluating muscle genetic defects or the efficacy of a specific treatment in muscle diseases. He has demonstrated record of accomplished and productive research projects in an area of high relevance for Muscular Dystrophy, Tendinopathy, and Hypogravity-induced Muscle Dysfunction.

Abstract:

Receptor-activator of nuclear factor kB (RANK), its ligand RANKL and the soluble decoy receptor osteoprotegerin (OPG) are the key regulators of osteoclast differentiation and bone. Although there is a strong association between osteoporosis and skeletal muscle atrophy/dysfunction, the functional relevance of a particular biological pathway that regulates synchronously bone and skeletal muscle physiopathology is still elusive. One key determinant of muscle contractility is the Ca²⁺ pump called sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca²⁺ ATPase (SERCA) which transfers Ca²⁺ from the cytosol into the lumen of the SR, making Ca²⁺ available for the next contraction. Here we showed that daily injections of OPG-Fc for 10 days; the inhibitor of RANKL/RANK interactions, greatly increased force of dystrophic mice relative to PBS-treated mdx mice and prevented the loss of SERCA activity. To understand more precisely the contribution of muscle RANK in muscular dystrophy, we treated dystrophic mice with an anti-RANKL antibody or generated a RANK/dystrophin double-deficient mouse. These results showed that the genetic deletion of RANK or pharmacological blockade of RANKL preserved muscle force and reduced significantly muscle damage in dystrophic mice. RANK/RANKL/OPG triad is thus a new and key factor in muscular dystrophy and its inhibition represents a new therapeutic avenue for possibly several forms of muscular dystrophy.

Biography:

Patrick Borel is a Nutritionist and has obtained his PhD in Molecular Biology at Marseille University in the year 1988. He works for the French National Institute for Agronomy Research (INRA), the French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), and for Aix-Marseille University, France. Since 2002, he is the Director of a Research Team called “Bioavailability of fat soluble micronutrients”. He has published more than 100 papers in the international journals. His H-index is 38. In recent years, he has focused on identification of intestinal transporters of fat soluble vitamins and carotenoids; and on genetic polymorphisms that modulate bioavailability of these compounds.

Abstract:

Most people require dietary vitamin D (VD) to achieve the recommended blood level of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25OHD). However, blood response to VD supplementation is highly variable among individuals. Our main objective was to assess whether the variability in D3 bioavailability was associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in candidate genes. 39 healthy adult men were genotyped using whole-genome microarrays. Following an overnight fast, plasma 25OHD status was measured and the subjects then consumed a meal providing 5 mg D3 as a supplement. Plasma chylomicron D3 concentrations were measured over 8 h, and D3 response calculated by determining the postprandial AUC. Partial least squares regression was used to assess the association of SNPs in or near candidate genes (61 genes representing 3791 SNPs) with the postprandial D3 response. The mean postprandial chylomicron D3 concentration peaked at 6 h. The D3 response was very variable among individuals (CV=47%), and it did not correlate with the fasting plasma 25OHD concentration. A significant (P=1.32x10^-4) partial least squares regression model, which included 17 SNPs in 13 genes were associated with the variance in the D3 response. There is a high inter-individual variability in D3 bioavailability which is associated with a combination of SNPs.

Biography:

A Patrick Gunning has completed his PhD from Glyndwr University, UK. He is the Manager of the Atomic Force Microscopy Facility at the Institute of Food Research (IFR), a public funded research institute. He has published more than 90 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as a member of the Scanning Probe Microscopy Section Committee of the Royal Microscopical Society.

Abstract:

Mucin plays a crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis along the entire length of the GI tract and several other epithelial surfaces. Mucin consists of a polypeptide backbone which is heavily substituted with a diverse array of glycans. This presentation will describe a methodology to characterize the inherent heterogeneity of mucin in a molecular level quantifiable manner in order to reveal information which may be encoded by the glycan distribution. Such information is termed “glycocode” and is believed to directly influence the outcome of the symbiotic relationship between the gut microbiota and the host in health and disease.

Biography:

Nallasivam Palanisamy has adopted newly developed Molecular and Cytogenetic Tools and applied them successfully for the discovery of important cancer-specific biomarkers and has developed diagnostic tools for routine diagnosis and follow-up treatment in the clinics. His work has made a great impact in Cancer Research and he was able to accomplish this by maintaining an independent research program while playing key roles in large team projects at various institutions to make important high-impact contributions to Advance Cancer Research.

Abstract:

Prostate cancer (PCa) remains the most commonly diagnosed cancer in American men with an estimated incidence of 220,800 new cases and accounting for 27,540 cancer related deaths in 2015. The genetic basis of 50-60% of PCa is attributable to rearrangements in ETS genes (ERG, ETV1, ETV4, ETV5), BRAF, RAF1 and overexpression of SPINK1. The discovery and validation of reliable diagnostic methods are warranted to detect these molecular rearrangements. ETS gene rearrangements are typically detected by FISH and PCR methods. Recently, monoclonal antibodies against ERG have been developed which detect the truncated ERG protein and are strongly correlated with ERG rearrangement as detected by FISH. However, due to the lack of specific antibodies for ETV1, ETV4 and ETV5 genes, in situ detection of these markers is not feasible. We developed a novel RNA in situ hybridization (RNA-ISH) based assay for in situ detection of ETV1, ETV4, and ETV5 in formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissues from prostate needle biopsies, prostatectomy, and metastatic PCa specimens using RNA probes developed by advanced cell diagnostics. Further, with combined RNA-ISH and IHC we identified rare subset of prostate cancer with dual ETS gene rearrangements in independent tumor foci. The high specificity and sensitivity of RNA-ISH provides an alternate method for the in situ detection of ETS gene aberrations in prostate cancer.

Biography:

Pinky Tripathi has completed her PhD from Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University and Post-doctoral studies in Molecular Biology Unit and Department of Medicine, IMS, BHU. Currently, she is a Professor of Zoology at Sri Agrasen Kanya PG College (AKPGC), Varanasi. She has published more than 10 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an Editorial Board Member of “Frontiers in Ethnopharmacology”. She is Life Member of Society of Biological Chemists and Indian Immunology Society.

Abstract:

Mucins are glycoproteins (GPs) and major constituents of mucus elaborated by the lips epithelia of a fresh water carnivorous fish Glossogobius giuris from river Ganges, Varanasi, India, were analyzed by a range of 58 histochemical methods. In this study, we intend to identify the different classes of carbohydrate and protein components of the highly biologically active lips epithelia and its unicellular glands that produce it. Mucins elaborated at the surface of the lips epithelia are primarily from two sources, the epithelial cells and the mucous goblet cells. They include GPs with oxidizable vicinal diols, GPs with sialic acid residues without O-acyl substitution, GPs with O-sulphate esters, GPs with sialic acid residues with O-acyl substitution at C7, C8 or C9. Different classes of GPs have been associated with specific functions and are discussed in relation to their physiological significance, with special reference to their roles in lubrication, alteration in viscosity, trapping of food particles, buffering of fluids at the epithelial surface, prevention of proteolytic damage to the epithelia, antimicrobial activity and defense against pathogens. The epithelial shows specialized modifications in the form of secretory glands. These have been considered to increase the secretory surface that allows profuse secretion of mucus in a very short period of time. The secretions of these glands have been associated with multiple functions similar to those of saliva.

Biography:

Kudighe Patrick Udoh has completed her BSc in Anatomy from the University of Uyo and PgD from the National Open University of Nigeria. She is currently doing her MSc Anatomy at the University of Uyo. She is a Lecturer in the Community Health Officer’s Training School, University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Uyo, Nigeria. She has published one paper in a reputed journal.

Abstract:

Lamivudine is an anti retroviral drug used for the treatment of HIV-1 and hepatitis B. It is one of the essential medicines needed in a basic health system. This study was carried out to investigate the detrimental effect of lamivudine on the cerebellum based on the adverse effects of gait disorders manifested by patients using lamivudine. 20 male Wistar rats divided into two groups of ten rats each were used for the study. Control group A was administered with 1 ml of distilled water, while treatment group B was treated with 4.28 mg/kg of lamivudine daily for 30 days. The rats were handled carefully according to the guidelines for treatment of laboratory rats by ACURET. On the 30^th day, the rats were humanely sacrificed and each cerebellum was harvested immediately. The cerebella were put through routine tissue processing for H/E staining with Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunohistochemistry method. The resulting specimens were mounted with digital picture exchange (DPX) and viewed under the light microscope at 400x. Photomicrographs showed shrunken Purkinje cells and distorted granular layer in the cerebellum of group B rats while those of group A rats were healthy. This correlated with the higher staining intensity for GFAP in the granular layer of group B rats suggesting cellular inflammation and damage. More research is needed to ascertain the molecular mechanism of these distortions.

Biography:

Abstract:

Biography:

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Biography:

R H W Funk has completed his MD from University Erlangen-Nürnberg (1979). He habilitated and got a Professorship in 1988 in the same university. In 1994 he became the Chair of Anatomy the Dresden University of Technology (TUD). For years, he was the Dean of Science in the Medical Faculty. Since 8 years, he is also in the Senate of TUD. He has published more than 220 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as Board Member of repute.

Abstract:

In the last decade, many new techniques of molecular biology as well as new imaging techniques could well confirm that in many situations like embryogenesis, wound healing and regeneration endogenous electric fields exist and that they are the first and decisive measurable cue for later ongoing cell biological processes. These fields are clearly measurable and can be well integrated into classical cell biological pathways leading to typical cell responses like shape change, migration, proliferation and differentiation. Other open fields for research are fast information processes which are ongoing within the brain cortex like fast ripples of pyramidal cells possibly mediated by gap junctions and very fast binding phenomena spreading over many cortical areas. So, many authors propose a layered structure with interlacing quantum computing and classical read out processes. The mentioned problems and hypothesis show that we are nowadays at the verge and in the transition from mere particle and energetic molecular- and cell biology to information driven matter interactions. In the scale of molecules and organelles we have to respect not only the collective and often coherent behavior of such active matter but also the quantal information which is exchanged. At least, everyone is accustomed to tunneling electrons within enzymes and other biomolecules. Another example is the new finding of spin triplet modulation in radical pair reactions within the retina in birds. These examples should encourage us to look upon molecular biology with the eyes of modern physics and to search for analogue processes. 

Biography:

Fang Yang in International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Geriatric Medicine,ty of ScNorth China University science and Technology, No.46 West Xinhua Road, Tangshan, Hebei 063009, China;

Abstract:

The synthetic tetrapeptide N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline (Ac-SDKP) has shown to be a modulator of molecular aspects of the fibrosis pathway. This study reveals that Ac-SDKP exerts an anti-fibrotic effect on human type II alveolar epithelial cells (A549), which are a source of myofibroblasts once exposed to TGF-β1, by decreasing the expression of heat shock protein 27 (HSP27). We used A549 cells in vitro to detect morphological evidence of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by phase-contrast microscopy. Immunocytochemical and Western blot analysis determined the distributions of cytokeratin8 (CK8), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and SNAI1. Confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed a co-localization of HSP27 and SNAI1 on TGF-β1-induced A549 cells. These results also demonstrated that A549 cells became spindle-like when exposed to TGF-β1. Coincident with these morphological changes, expression levels of CK8 and E-cadherine decreased, while those of vimentin and α-SMA increased. This process was accompanied by increases in levels of HSP27, SNAI1, type I and type III collagen. In vitro transfection experiments demonstrated that the inhibition of HSP27 in cultured A549 cells could decrease the expression of SNAI1 and α-SMA while increasing the expression of E-cadherine. A noticeable reduction in collagen types I and III were also evident. Our results found that Ac-SDKP inhibited the transition of cultured A549 cells to myofibroblasts and attenuated collagen synthesis through modulating the expression of HSP27.

Biography:

Abstract:

Aberrant hyperphosphorylation of proline directed serine/threonine (pSer/Thr-Pro and KS/TP) residues in neuronal cytoskeletal proteins is one of the major pathological hallmarks of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). Human NF-M/H comprises a large number of multiple KSP repeats in the carboxy-terminal tail domain. The phosphorylation sites of NF-M/H from AD brains have not been analyzed. Here, we used quantitative phosphoproteomics, iTRAQ (isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation) and analyzed the phosphorylation sites of NF-M/H from AD brain. We identified 14 hyperphosphorylated sites of NF-M and 9 Lys-Ser-Pro (KSP) sites; two variant motifs, Glu-Ser-Pro (ESP) Ser⁷³⁶ and Leu-Ser-Pro (LSP) Ser⁸³⁷; and 3 non-S/TP motifs, Ser783, Ser788 and Thr750. All the Ser/Thr residues were phosphorylated at significantly greater abundance in AD brain compared to normal brain. 11 hyper phosphorylated sites have been identified on C-terminal tail domain of NF-H corresponding to KSP motifs with greater abundance of phosphorylation in AD brain compared to normal brain, including the non-SP site, Thr642. Our data provided the direct evidence that NF-M and NF-H are hyperphosphorylated in AD compared to normal brain and suggested the role of both proline-directed and non proline-directed protein kinases in AD. This study represents the first comprehensive analysis of iTRAQ quantification of phosphorylation sites of human NF-M and NF-H from AD brain and establishes that the aberrant and hyperphosphorylation of neuronal intermediate filament proteins is involved in AD. In addition, the topographic phosphorylation of squid giant axon as a model system was analyzed in detail. This study provided the molecular and cell biological mechanisms associated with this unique novel neurobiological process. 

Biography:

H S Sebaa and M Kaid Harche in Professor Oran University of Science and Technology-Mohamed Boudiaf, Algeria

Abstract:

The anatomical and histochemical study of young and adult pseudo-endocarps of Argania spinosa (sampled from Tindouf, Algeria) shows a general structure that is similar to that of majority of stone fruits. These samples consist of tissues that contain lignified and cellulosic cell walls. The majority of the tissues are composed of sclerenchyma cells; with very thick lignified cell walls and conducting tissues. Coniferyl lignins are abundant in the majority of the lignified tissues. However, the coniferyl lignins appear at the primary xylem during lignifications. Syringyl lignins are present in small quantities. In early stage, the phenolic vacuolar inclusions at the pseudo-endocarp levels were numerous and larger. During pseudo-endocarp lignification the phenolic compounds disappear, the cell walls thickened crossed by cytoplasmic vestures and the cell content has degenerated. To this end, in addition to the increased thickness of the conducting tissues, produce a lignified sclerenchyma ring which produces numerous sclereids, the sclerenchymatous ring only consists of fibers, which make the structure less prone to breaking. The electron microscopy observation of the sclerenchyma cell walls of the young pseudo-endocarp shows polylamellate strates and cellular microfibrils in arced patterns. This architecture is observed in the cell walls of the adult endocarp only after the incubation of the tissue in methylamine. These configurations (arcs) are the result of a regular and complete rotation with a 180 degree variation in the microfibril angle; the complete and symmetrical arcs show a helical mode of construction. The observation of the sclerenchyma cells revealed the capacity of helicoidal morphogenesis to adjust itself under the influence of topological constraints, such as the presence of a large number of pit canals, which maintain symplastic transport

Biography:

Nima Sayyadi is a Research Fellow at the Department of Chemistry and Bimolecular Sciences (CBMS), Macquarie University, Australia. He received his PhD from the University of Sydney, School of Chemistry. In his PhD a new methodology for the synthesis of natural and non-natural small cyclic peptides was developed. After completion of his PhD, he moved to Macquarie University, where he accepted a Post-doctoral position at CBMS. Since then, he has designed and developed a series of novel Europium Luminescent Chelates for the detection of bacterial and cancer cells using different platforms such as Luminescent in situ Hybridization (LISH) and Immunostaining in collaboration with the Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP) at Macquarie University. 

Abstract:

Rapid, sensitive and non-invasive diagnostic testing for cancer has the potential to lead to better treatment outcomes and lower healthcare costs. The required sensitivity for such tests can require the detection of as few as ten cells within 10 ml of biofluid. Current tests fall far from the ideal limits of detection required in clinical settings. A fundamental problem in the detection of cancer cells with conventional fluorescence probes is the poor signal to noise ratio due to the presence of high autofluorescence. Time-gated luminescence (TGL) probes eliminate the problem of autofluorescence to make TGL one of the most sensitive fluorescence detection methods known. Unlike organic fluorophores, lanthanide conjugated bio-molecules are not susceptible to self-quenching. As a result, high signal amplification can be achieved by multiple labeling of the biomolecule of interest, although this approach can be problematic since it often results in precipitation of labeled biomolecules. We have recently reported a novel europium ligand which offers enhanced biocompatibility of immunoconjugate and retains selectivity and stability over that previously reported (DOI:10.1039/C5CC06811H). An analogue ligand with improved quantum yield was successfully synthesized and coupled to a prostate cancer cell-specific IgG antibody (MIL38) provided by our collaborator (Minomic International Ltd.). Direct conjugation of the new ligand to MIL38 resulted in a soluble immunoconjugate probe which effectively labeled cultured prostate cancer cells (DU145). TGL microscopy (GALD) delivered images of brightly labeled cells free of background.